Sandra Johnson, JD, LLM
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Sandra Johnson, JD, LLM
Professor of Health Law and Ethics Emeritus
Email: johnsosh@slu.edu
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Sandra H. Johnson was appointed as the inaugural chair holder of the Tenet Endowed Chair in Health Law and Ethics on October 24, 2000. She is Professor of Law at the Center for Health Law Studies, Saint Louis University School of Law, with joint faculty appointments at the School of Medicine and the School of Public Health. She regularly teaches "Bioethics in Law," (LWL-758), a cross-listed law course for students in the PhD Program in Health Care Ethics.
Professor Johnson received her Honors A.B. Summa cum laude from Saint Louis University in 1973. She attended New York University School of Law as a Root-Tilden Scholar and graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1976. She earned her Master of Law in 1977 at Yale Law School where she was a Yale Law Fellow. After graduating from Yale, she taught at New York Law School before joining the law faculty of Saint Louis University as an Assistant Professor in 1978. Professor Johnson was promoted to Professor of Law in 1984. Professor Johnson was the founding Director of The Center for Health Law Studies (1982-1985, 1988-1991); Associate Dean (1979-1981, 1985-1988); and Interim Dean (1991-1992). She was appointed Interim Provost of the University in 1998, and Provost in 1999.
She was recognized as Woman of the Year at Saint Louis University in 1997. She received the Distinguished Health Law Teacher Award from the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics in 1991; the Society's Outstanding Achievement Award in 1997; and was elected a Fellow of the Hastings Center in 1995 and a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation in 2004. She is a past President of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, and is Director of the Mayday Project on Legal and Regulatory Constraints on Effective Pain Relief. She served on the drafting committee for the American Academy of Pain Medicine Policy Statement on Quality of Care at the End of Life and worked on the Task Force on Medical Board Guidelines on The Use of Controlled Substances in Pain Management for the Federation of State Medical Boards as well as its revision in 2003. Professor Johnson chaired the Section on Law, Medicine and Health Care of the Association of American Law Schools and has been a member of the Coordinating Group on Bioethics and Law for the American Bar Association. She has presented endowed named lectures at several universities in the United States and Canada, and has taught bioethics for the American Bar Association Appellate Judges Seminars, the Federal Judicial Center, the National Association of Women Judges, the National Conference of Metropolitan Judges, and the American Judicature Society. She has been a consultant or project member for the Institute of Medicine, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the New York State Public Health Council, the National Center for State Courts, and the American Bar Association Commission on Legal Problems of the Elderly, among other private and governmental organizations. She is Co-Editor in Chief of the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics.
Recent Funded Projects
Director, Mayday Project on Legal and Regulatory Constraints on Effective Pain Relief.
Past research grants awarded from the AARP Andrus Foundation, the Beaumont Fund, The Mayday Fund, Kornfeld Foundation, and the National Institute of Dispute Resolution.
Selected Publications
Books
Health Law -- Cases, Materials and Problems (5th ed. 2004 and Teachers' Manual; 4th ed. 2001 and Teachers' Manual; 1st ed. and Teachers' Manual 1987; 2nd ed. and Teachers' Manual 1991; Supplements 1989, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999) West Publishing Co. (Also published as 3-volume paperback series: Liability and Quality Issues in Health Care; Bioethics: Health Care Law and Ethics; The Law of Health Care Organization and Finance.) (with B.R. Furrow, T.L. Greaney, T.S. Jost, R.L. Schwartz)
Legal Perspectives in Bioethics, Annals of Bioethics Series, Routledge, forthcoming 2005. (Co-editor with Ana Smith Iltis).
Health Law, West Publishing Treatise Series, 2 vols., (1st ed., 1995, 2nd ed., 2000) (with B.R. Furrow, T.L. Greaney, T.S. Jost, R.L. Schwartz)
Health Law - Student Hornbook Series, West Publishing Co. (1st ed., 1995, 2nd ed., 2000), (with B.R. Furrow, T.L. Greaney, T.S. Jost, R.L. Schwartz)
United States, Kluwer International Encyclopedia of Laws: Medical Law (Kluwer, 3rd ed. 2004; 2nd ed. 1998, 1st ed. 1995) with B.R. Furrow, T.L. Greaney, T.S. Jost, R.L. Schwartz.
Property Law -- Cases, Materials and Problems (2nd ed., 1998 and Teachers' Manual; 1sted., 1992 and Teachers' Manual) West Publishing Co. (with P.W. Salsich, M. Braunstein, T.L. Shaffer).
Nursing Homes and the Law: State Regulation and Private Litigation (1985) The Harrison Company, Publishers. (Law and Medicine Series). (with N.P. Terry and M.A. Wolff)
Long-Term Care and the Law (1983) (Editor) Nat'l Health Law Pub. Co.
Symposia Editorships
Pain Management in the Emergency Department: Current Landscape and Agenda for Research, to be published in 2005, Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics.
Improving Treatment for Pain: Legal, Regulatory, and Research Perspectives, 31 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 15-143 (2003).
The Undertreatment of Pain: Legal, Regulatory, and Research Perspectives and Solutions, 29 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 11-93 (2001).
Legal and Regulatory Issues in Pain Management, 26 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 265-352 (1998).
Appropriate Management of Pain: Addressing the Clinical, Legal, and Regulatory Barriers, 24 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 285-364 (1996).
Articles
"The Social, Professional, and Legal Framework for the Problem of Pain Management in Emergency Medicine," Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics (forthcoming 2005).
"End-of-Life Decision Making: What We Don't Know, We Make Up; What We Do Know We Ignore," 31 Indiana L. Rev. 12 (1998).
"Legal and Institutional Policy Responses to Medical Futility," Journal of Health and Hospital Law 1 (1997) with Vincent P. Gibbons, Jesse A. Goldner, Richard L. Wiener, David Eaton.
"Disciplinary Actions and Pain Relief: Analysis of the Pain Relief Act," 24 Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics. 319 (1997).
"Managed Care as Regulation: Functional Ethics for a Regulated Environment," 23 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 266 (1996).
"Judicial Review of Disciplinary Action For Sexual Misconduct in the Practice of Medicine," 270 Journal of the American Medical Association 1596 (October 6, 1993).
"Fear of Liability and the Use of Restraints in Nursing Homes," 18 Law, Medicine & Health Care, 263 (1990) reprinted in Responsible Caring: Ethics Resources for Nursing Homes (Hastings Center, 1991).
"Quality-Control Regulation of Home Health Care," 26 Houston Law Review 893 (1989).
"From Medicalization to Legalization to Politicization: Cruzan, O'Connor and Refusal of Treatment in the 1990s," 21 Conn. Law Review 685 (1989).
"Sequential Domination, Autonomy, and the Living Will," 9 Western New England Law Review, 113 (1987).
"The Death-Prolonging Procedures Act and Refusal of Treatment in Missouri," 30 St. Louis University Law Journal 805 (1986).
"State Regulation of Long-Term Care: A Decade of Experience with Intermediate Sanctions," 13 Law, Medicine & Health Care 173 (1985) reprinted in National Senior Citizens Law Center, State Intermediate Sanctions for Nursing Homes (1988).
"Regulatory Theory and Prospective Risk Assessment in Limitations on Scope of Practice," 4 Journal of Legal Medicine 441 (1983).
"Nursing Home Receiverships: Design and Implementation," 24 St. Louis University Law Journal 681 (1981) condensed in Brewer and DeLeon, Foundations of Policy Analysis, Dorsey Press (1982).
Chapters
"Living and Dying in Nursing Homes," in Doka, Jennings, and Coor (eds.) Living with Grief: Ethical Dilemmas at the End of Life (Hospice Foundation of America, 2005).
"Legal and Ethical Aspects" in Mace, DuCharme, and Murphy (eds.) Pain Management and Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department (McGraw Hill, in press).
"Responses to Medical Futility Claims" (with Goldner, J.S. and Wiener, R.L.) in Gosfield, A.G. (ed.) Health Law Handbook (Clark Boardman Callaghan, 1997).
"Regulatory Responses to Professional Misconduct" in Regulation of the Healthcare Professions (Jost, ed.) Health Administration Press (1997).
"United States" in Kluwer International Encyclopedia of Laws: Medical Law (Kluwer, 2d ed. 1998, 1st ed. 1995) with B.R. Furrow, T.L. Greaney, T.S. Jost, R.L. Schwartz.
"The Ethics of Managed Care for Long-Term Care" in Discovering Managed Care (AAHSA, 1994).
"Liability Issues" in Delivering High Technology Home Care (Mehlman & Youngner, eds.), (Springer Publishing 1991).
"Residents' Rights Under OBRA of 1987," in Long Term Care and the Law (NHLA, 1991).
Selected Essays, Short Articles, Commentaries
"Make Room for Dying: End of Life Care in Nursing Homes," Hastings Center Report (forthcoming, 2005).
"Five Easy Pieces: Motifs of Health Law," 14 Health Matrix 131 (2004).
"Commentary, Medico-legal Case Report: Inadequate Pain Management in the Context of Cancer Pain," 5 Pain Medicine 219-221 (2004).
"Providing Relief to Those in Pain: A Retrospective on the Scholarship and Impact of the Mayday Project," 31 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 7 (2003).
"Introduction to Symposium on Teaching Property," 46 St. Louis U. L. Journal 561 (2002).
"The Interface of Law, Medicine & Ethics" in What's Ethics Got To Do With It? (J. Kavanaugh and D. Werner, eds.) Saint Louis University Press, 2000.
"Setting Limits on Death: A View from the United States," 5 Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 24 (1996) reprinted in revised version in BioLaw, Special Section on Assisted Suicide, S:149-153 (July-August 1996).
"Physician-Hospital Integration: Legal Issues Affecting the Development of Management Services Organizations" (with P. Rothermich) 93 Missouri Medicine 343-345 (1996).
"Case Commentaries," Handbook for Nursing Home Ethics Committees, (Hoffmann, Boyle and Levenson, eds.) American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging, D.C. (1995)
"The Changing Nature of Bioethics," 53 University of Maryland Law Review 1051 (1994).
"Law and Quality in Long-Term Care," 21 Journal of Long-Term Care Administration 75-77 (1993).
"Sources of Concern About the Patient Self-Determination Act," New England Journal of Medicine, Dec. 5, 1991: 325: 1666-71. (Wolf . . . Johnson, et al.)
"PSDA in the Nursing Home," in Practicing the PSDA, Special Supplement, 21 Hastings Center Report S3 (1991).
"Nursing Home Restraints: The Legal Issues," Health Progress, (Sept. 1991).
"After Cruzan," Health Progress, (Oct. 1990).
"The Case of the Frozen Embryos," Health Progress, (January-February 1990).
Selected Presentations
Judicial Education
American Judicature Society, "Impact of Genetics on Civil Courts," Hilton Head, SC. March 12-13, 1999.
National Conference, National Association of Women Judges, "Genetics: From the Labs to the Courts and Back Again," St. Louis, MO. October 9, 1998.
Federal Judicial Center Health Law Program, "Legal Issues in Pain Relief," Palm Springs, CA. November 20, 1997 and Atlanta, March 9, 1998.
American Bar Association, Appellate Judges Seminars, Sessions on Health Care Law & Ethics, Asheville, N.C., Sept. 24, 1997; Newport Beach, April 30, 1997; Honolulu, Jan. 27, 1995; Lake Tahoe, July 20, 1993; San Diego, Mar. 30, 1992; Charlottesville, July 16-29, 1989.
Professional and Academic
Legal Environment for Phase IV Trials, American College of Neuropsychopharmocology, Annual Meeting, Hawaii, December 14, 2005.
Legal Issues in Research with Persons with Cognitive Impairments, American Geriatrics Society, Orlando, November 20, 2005.
Ethical and Legal Issues in End of Life Care, University of New Mexico Law School, March 31, 2005.
Reframing the Issues for End of Life Care in Nursing Homes, Hastings Center, New York, February 11, 2005.
Where We Are and Where We Are Going, American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Conference on Toward the Painless ED: Better for the Patients, Better for Us, October 20, 2004, San Francisco.
Oregon Pain Society, "Legal, Social and Ethical Issues in Pain Management," Eugene, Oregon, April 2004.
Pain Council 2004 Summit, Faculty, LaJolla, 2004.
Missouri Bar Association Annual Meeting, Developments in the Life Sciences, Plenary Session Panel, October 2003.
University of California-Davis, Annual Conference on Pain Management, "Legal Issues in Pain Management," Napa, October 2003.
HEAL Institute Annual Health Care Ethics Conference, "Conflicts of Interest in Research," Samford University, Birmingham, April 2003.
American Pain Society, Annual Meeting, "Legal and Ethical Challenges in Treating Patients in Pain," Annual Meeting, Chicago, March 2003.
Rodney M. Coe Distinguished Lectureship, "Improving Healthcare for Elders: Vision and Persistence," Saint Louis University, February 13, 2002.
National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys, Inc., Annual Meeting, "Pain Management at the End of Life," St. Louis, MO, November 1-4, 2001.
Pain Management and Chemical Dependency, Department of Veterans Affairs, "Legal and Ethical Issues," National Educational Network broadcast, September 20, 28 and October 2, 2001.
Keynote Address, "Emerging Issues in Pain Management," Emerging Legal and Ethical Issues in Pain Management Symposium, Washington, D.C., April 30, 2001.
Keynote Address, "Pain and Chemical Dependency: Ethical Perspectives," The Fourth Conference on Pain Management and Chemical Dependency, Washington, D.C., December 7-9, 2000.
Keynote Address, American Pain Society Twentieth Anniversary Annual Meeting, "Law, Medicine & Ethics: The Status of Opioid Use in America," San Diego, CA. November 6, 1998.
American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Taking Responsibility for Effective Pain Relief, "Legal Issues in Pain Management," Springfield, Mo., November 15, 1997.
American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Annual Meeting, "Pediatric Pain Management," Boston, MA. September 19, 1997.
New York State Public Health Council, "Barriers to Access to Pain Relief." September 16, 1997.
American Academy of Healthcare Attorneys, Annual Meeting, "Assisted Suicide," Toronto, June 22-23, 1997.
American Public Health Association, "Legalization of Assisted Suicide" with Dr. Timothy Quill and others, New York, NY. November 19, 1996.
American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, National Meeting on Legal, Ethical, and Institutional Issues in Pain Relief "The Impact of Law on Effective Pain Relief" and "Workshop on Proposed Legislation" and "Improving the Enforcement and Disciplinary Process," Boston, MA. November 1-2, 1996.
American Bar Association, Section on Individual Rights and Responsibilities, Legal Rights in Managed Care, Orlando, FL. August 5, 1996.
Hastings Center and New York Academy of Medicine, Managed Care and the Frail Elderly, "Ethics in the Physician-Patient Relationship," New York, NY. November 6, 1995.
American Public Health Association, Annual Meeting, "Managed Care and the Ethics of a Regulated Environment," San Diego, CA. Nov. 1, 1995.
American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Medicare, Medicaid and Managed Care, "Framing the Medicaid Debate," Maryland, November 19, 1995; Managed Care Systems: Emerging Health Issues from an Ethics Perspective, "Relations Between MCOs and Providers," Minnesota, June 1, 1995.
American Medical Association, Medical Ethics Briefing for Journalists, New York, NY. September 9, 1993.
Hastings Center: Consultant to Task Force on Critical Care and Law, December 8, 1992; Ethics of Regulation, New York, October 13, 1990; Ethics of Regulation, March 6, 1991, Washington, D.C., for the Senate Special Committee on Aging; Patient Self-Determination Act, Atlanta, October 15, 1991.
Others: Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences; National Senior Citizens Law Center; Catholic Health Association; American College of Legal Medicine; Association of American Law Schools; Commission on Legal Problems of the Elderly of the ABA; American College of Health Care Administrators; Connecticut Health Association; Southern Trial Lawyers Association; Missouri Bar Association Continuing Legal Education Programs; Saint Louis University, Continuing Education Programs of the Schools of Law, Medicine, Public Health and Nursing and Center for Health Care Ethics.
Professional Honors and Awards
Fellow, The Hastings Center (1995 to present)
Fellow, The American Bar Foundation (2004 to present)
Thompson Coburn Faculty Scholarship Award, 2004.
Pellegrino Medal, HEAL Institute, Samford University, 2003.
Woman of the Year Award, Women's Justice Awards, St. Louis Daily Record, 2002.
William J. Curran Distinguished Public Health Service Award, 2001.
Grayson Distinguished Visitor, Southern Illinois University College of Law, 1998.
Woman of the Year, Saint Louis University, 1997.
Outstanding Achievement Award, American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 1997.
Lane Lecturer, Creighton University School of Law, 1997.
Hiram Lesar Lecturer, Southern Illinois University College of Law, 1997.
Merck Scholar, Seton Hall University School of Law, 1997.
Willis B. Cunningham Lecturer, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, 1997.
Distinguished Health Law Teacher Award, American Society of Law & Medicine, 1991.
Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics
Mailing Address: Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics
221 North Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103-2006
Campus address: O'Brien Hall, Frost Campus
Telephone: (314) 977-6661
Fax: (314) 977-5150
