James DuBois, PhD, DSc
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James DuBois, PhD, DSc
Mäder Endowed Professor, Department Chair and Center Director
Email: duboisjm@slu.edu
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James DuBois is the Mäder Professor
of Health Care Ethics as well as Department Chair and Center Director. He
additionally co-directs the Bander Center for Medical Business Ethics and
directs the Center for Clinical Research Ethics at Washington University’s
Institute for Clinical and Translational Science. He holds secondary appointments
in the Departments of Medicine and Community Health. He completed his PhD
in philosophy at the International Academy of Philosophy in Liechtenstein
and his DSc in psychology at the University of Vienna. He regularly teaches "Interdisciplinary
Research Methods in Health Care Ethics" and “Directed Readings
in Health Care Ethics” and lectures in the ethics courses offered in
the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine. He directs the Department's "Certificate
in Empirical Research Methods." In 2003, he received a Faculty Excellence
Award from the Student Government Association at Saint Louis University.
His research interests currently include research ethics in mental health, ethics in organ transplantation, moral development and education, and empirical research on ethical issues.
He has served on numerous national committees on organ transplantation, including: the Institute of Medicine’s committee on increasing rates of organ donation; the Canadian Council for Donation and Transplantation’s Forum on Donation after Cardiac Death; the United Network for Organ Sharing's Regional Review Board for Livers; and Mid-America Transplant Services' committee for non-heart-beating organ donation. In the area of research ethics, he serves on a National Institute of Drug Abuse Data Safety Monitoring Board and on the Institutional Review Board at St. Anthony's Medical Center, and is a regular scientific reviewer for NIH programs that address research ethics. He is also a member of the Ethics Committee at St. Anthony’s Medical Center and St. Alexius Hospital in St. Louis and a former board member of the Association for Moral Education.
Scholarly Grants and Contracts
"Environmental Factors Predictive of Misbehavior in Collaborative Health Research," National Institutes of Health (1R21RR026313-01). 9/25/2009-8/31/2010. $376,000. Principal Investigator.
"Environmental Factors Associated with Professional Misconduct in Medical Research and Practice," BF Foundation. 1/1/2009-12/31/2011. $100,000. Principal Investigator.
"Responsible Conduct of Research Instructional Assessment Program. Part II," Office of Research Integrity, Contract, 7/1/2008-9/30/2009. $60,000, Principal Investigator.
"Center for Clinical Research Ethics," within the Washington University of St. Louis, Institute for Clinical and Translational Science. (NIH: 1 U54 RR023496-01A1, Principal Investigator: Polonsky, K.) 9/1/2007-8/31/2012. Role: 15% effort as Director. $500,000 subcontract with St. Louis University, DuBois, Principal Investigator.
"Best Practices in Mental Health Research Ethics Conference Series," National Institute of Mental Health (1R13MH079690). 9/1/2007 – 8/31/2011. $200,000. Principal Investigator.
"Lay and Professional Attitudes Toward Uncontrolled Donation after Circulatory Determination of Death: A Pilot Study", Greenwall Foundation, $52,000. 7/1/2007-6/30/2008. Principal Investigator.
"Responsible Conduct of Research Instructional Assessment Project," Office of Research Integrity, Responsible Conduct of Research Resource Development Program, 06/01/06 - 10/31/07, $50,000. Principal Investigator.
"Behavioral Health Research: An Ethics Case Compendium and Instructional Method," Office of Research Integrity, Responsible Conduct of Research Resource Development Program, 9/01/03 - 8/31/04, $25,000 direct costs. Principal Investigator. See www.emhr.net for emerging products.
"Ethical Issues in Behavioral Health Research," National Institute of Health, 1 T15 HL072453-01, 9/27/02 – 9/26/05, $527,961 direct costs. Principal Investigator. See www.emhr.net for information on the training program.
"Motivating Research Integrity in Research with Human Subjects," National Institute of Health, 1 R01 NS044486-01, 9/15/02 – 9/14/04, $200,000 direct costs. (Principal Investigator: Wylie Burke). Consultant.
"Ethics in the Education of Scientists, Clinicians and Engineers," Workshop, February 8, 2002. $3,000 Funding by Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society, with $6,000 in matching grants from Parks College, the Graduate School and the Medical School of Saint Louis University. Co-Investigator with Steven Fliesler and Donna Werner.
"Lay Attitudes Toward Death Criteria and Organ Procurement. A Structured Interview Study." 10/1/2000 – 9/30/2001. $15,000 from Quest for the Gift of Life Foundation for joint project with Intermountain Donor Services. Principal Investigator.
"Ethics in Medical Education," $12,000 funded by the Marchetti Fund, St. Louis. Co-PI with Jill Ciesla. July 1, 1999 – June 30, 2000.
Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy, Abilene, TX. $9,200 grant to produce translation of Viktor Frankl's Theorie und Therapie der Neurosen, (Munich: Reinhardt, 1993, original 1967).
Beaumont Faculty Development Fund. Submitted March 1998. $5,000. Study entitled: "Prolonging and Shortening Life: An International Study on the Moral Reasoning of Medical Personnel". Principal Investigator.
Recent Publications
DuBois, J.M., Dueker, J.M., "Teaching and Assessing the Responsible Conduct of Research: A Delphi Consensus Panel Report," Journal of Research Administration, XL, 1, (2009): 49-70.
DuBois, J.M., Cottler, L., Callahan, C., "The Attitudes of Females in Drug Court Toward Additional Safeguards in HIV Prevention Research," Prevention Science: In press (pp. 1-8 in Springer’s Online First content).
DuBois, J.M., Waterman, A., Iltis, A., Anderson, J., "Is Rapid Organ Recovery a Good Idea? An Exploratory Study of the Public’s Knowledge and Attitudes," American Journal of Transplantation, 9, (2009): 2392-2399.
"What Counts as Empirical Research in Bioethics and Where Do We Find the Stuff?" American Journal of Bioethics, 9,6-7 (2009): 70-72.
"The Biomedical Ethics Ontology Proposal: Excellent Aims, Questionable Methods," Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 4, 1, (2009): 59-62.
"Increasing Rates of Organ Donation: Engaging the Institute of Medicine’s Boldest Recommendation," Journal of Clinical Ethics, 20, 1 (2009): 13-22.
"Response to Commentaries on 'Increasing Rates of Organ Donation'," Journal of Clinical Ethics, 20, 1 (2009): 41-43.
DuBois, J.M. & Volpe, R.L. "Organ donation and death from unexpected circulatory arrest: Engaging the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine." Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics, 36, 4 (2008): 731-735.
"Hidden Data for Research Ethics: An Introduction to a Concept and Series of Paper," Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 3,3: (2008): 3-5.
DuBois, J.M., Volpe, R.L., Rangel, E.K., "Hidden empirical research ethics: A review of three health journals from 2005-2006." Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 3,3: (2008): 7-18.
"Is Anesthesia Intrinsically Wrong? On Moral Absolutes and Natural Law Methodology," Christian Bioethics, 14, 2: (2008): 206-216. (Special issue on the thought of G.E.M. Anscombe).
Ethical Research in Mental Health (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).
(1st author with Jeff Dueker, Emily Anderson and Jean Campbell). “Development and Assessment of a NIH-Funded Research Ethics Training Program” Academic Medicine, In press.
"Avoiding Common Pitfalls in the Determination of Death," National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, 7, 3, (2007): 545-560.
(1st author with Barry Smith). "Adolf Reinach" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://plato.stanford.edu/.
(1st author with Frank Delmonico and Anthony D’Alessandro). "When Organ Donors Are Still Patients: Is the Pre-mortem Use of Heparin Ethically Acceptable?" American Journal of Critical Care, 16, 4 (2007): 396-400.
(1st author with M. DeVita). "Recovering the Truth about Organ Donation Following a Circulatory Determination of Death: A reply to Verheijde, Rady, and McGregor," Critical Care Medicine, 35, 5, (2007): 1440-1441.
(Burkemper, DuBois, Lavin, Meyer, McSweeney) "Ethics Education in MSN Programs: A Study of National Trends." Accepted for publication in Nursing Education Perspectives, 28, 1 (2007): 10-17.
(1st author with M. DeVita) “Donation after Cardiac Death: How to Move Forward,” Critical Care Medicine, 34, 12 (2007): 3045-47.
(2nd author with E. Anderson) “The need for evidence-based research ethics: A review of the substance abuse literature. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86, 2-3 (2006): 95-105.
"How Much Guidance Can a Secular Natural Law Theory Offer," in Mark Cherry (Ed), The Death of Metaphysics, the Death of Culture: Epistemology, Metaphysics, and Morality, (New York, Springer, 2006), pp.
“They’re Not Just Shorter: The Ethics of Research on Children,” Ethics & Behavior, 15, 4 (2005): 361-356. [Review article on E. Kodish (Ed.), Ethics and research with children: A case-based approach, New York: Oxford, 2005)].
Institute of Medicine, Committee on Increasing Rates of Organ Donation, Organ Donation: Opportunities for Action (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006) [Co-author of report, with James Childress and Catharyn Liverman, Eds]
"Vulnerability in Research," in Robert Amdur and Elizabeth Bankert (Eds), Institutional review Board: Management and Function, 2nd Ed., (Boston: Jones & Bartlett, 2005), 337-340.
(Editor/translator/introduction author). Viktor Frankl. On the Theory and Therapy of Mental Disorders (New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2004).
"Ethics in Behavioral and Social Science Research," in Ana Iltis (Ed), Research Ethics (Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis, in press).
"Is Compliance a Professional Virtue of Researchers? Reflections on Promoting the Responsible Conduct of Research," Ethics & Behavior, 14, 4 (2004): 383-395.
"Universal Ethical Principles in a Diverse Universe. A Commentary on Monshi and Zieglmayer's Case Study," Ethics & Behavior, 14, 4 (2004): 313-319.
"Understanding Viktor Frankl's Theory and Therapy of Mental Disorders," in V.E. Frankl, On the Theory and Therapy of Mental Disorders (New York: Routledge, 2004), pp. ix - xiii.
"The Clinician as Moral Facilitator" [review article on John Peteet, Doing the Right Thing: An Approach to Moral Issues in Mental Health. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2004.] PsychCritiques, 49 (2004): 1.
"Protecting Children vs. Respecting Religious Authority: Lessons Learned from Bioethics," Ethics & Behavior, 14, 1 (2004): 73-77.
"The Landscape of Dialogue" [Invited Comment about the use of artificial hydration and nutrition], National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, 4, 3 (2004): 448.
"Editor's Introduction: The Varieties of Clinical Consulting Experience," Healthcare Ethics Committee Forum, 15, 4 (2003): 303-309.
"Does the Public Support the Organ Donation Using High-Brain-Death Criteria? A Telephone Survey of 1,000 US Heads of Household," Journal of Clinical Ethics, 14 (2003): 26-35.
With R.D. Fitzgerald and F.A.M. Shaheen, "Support for Organ Procurement: National, Professional, and Religious Correlates among Medical Personnel in Austria and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," Transplant Proceedings, 34 (2002): 3042-3044.
"Adolf Reinach's Contributions to Meta-Ethics and the Philosophy of Law," In L. Embree and J. Drummond (Eds), The Phenomenological Tradition in Moral Philosophy, (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2002): 327-346.
"Does Organ Procurement Cause the Death of Donors?" Issues in Law and Medicine, 18, 1 (2002): 21-41.
"Organ Transplantation: An Ethical Road Map" National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, 2, 3 (2002): 411-451.
With Ciesla JE, "Ethics Education in US Medical Schools: A Study Syllabi," Academic Medicine, 77, 5 (2002): 69-74.
"When Is Informed Consent Appropriate in Educational Research? Ethical and Regulatory Issues," IRB: Ethics & Human Research, 24, 1 (2002): 1-8.
With Ciesla JE, Voss, K. "Research Ethics in Medical Education: An Analysis of Syllabi," in N.H. Steneck and M.D. Scheetz (Eds), Research on Research Integrity. Proceedings of the First Research Conference on Research Integrity; 2000 Nov 18-20 (Bethesda, Maryland: Office of Research Integrity, Department of Health and Human Services, 2001).
"Non-Heart-Beating Organ Donation: Designing an Ethically Acceptable Protocol," Health Progress, 82 (2001): 18-21.
"Beyond the Naturalistic Fallacy. A Reply to Kendler," American Psychologist, 55 (2000): 1153-54.
"Intention, Action, and the Dead Donor Rule: Commentary on Spike," Journal of Clinical Ethics, 11 (2000): 78-84.
"Psychotherapy and Ethical Theory: Viktor Frankl's Non-reductive Approach," Logotherapy and Existential Analysis. An Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, Research and Practice, 1 (2000): 39-65.
"Support for Organ Procurement: National, Professional, and Religious Correlates Among Medical Personnel," in U. Ramsner and R. Fitzgerald (Eds), Festschrift: 5 Jahre Ludwig Bolzmann Institut für Medizinökonomie in Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin. (Vienna: Ludwig Bolzmann Institut, 2000).
"Ethical Assessments of Brain Death and Organ Procurement Policies: A Survey of Transplant Personnel in the U.S.," Journal of Transplant Coordination, 9 (1999): 210-217.
"Physician-Assisted Suicide and Public Virtue: A Reply to the Liberty Thesis of the Philosophers' Brief," Issues in Law and Medicine, 15, 2 (1999) 159-179.
"Moral Consciousness in the Light of Biological, Cognitive, and Developmental Research," in T. Slunecko et al. (Eds), Psychologie des Bewusstseins – Bewusstsein der Psychologie (Vienna: University of Vienna Press, 1999), 177-188. (Fitzgerald, RD, DuBois, JM, Shaheen, FA, Schwarz, S, Guttmann, G.)
"Ethical and Psychological Concerns with Brain Death: A Survey in Austria and Saudi-Arabian Transplant Teams," Intensive Care Medicine, 25 (1999): S36.
"Non-Heart-Beating Organ Donation: A Defense of the Required Determination of Death," Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics, 27 (1999): 126-136.
Editorial Work
Member of the Editorial Board: Ethics & Behavior (Lawrence Erlbaum) and Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics (University of California Press)
Referee for several peer-reviewed journals including: Hastings Center Report; Academic Medicine; IRB: Ethics & Human Research; Journal of Moral Education; Journal des Viktor-Frankl-Instituts; Medical Principles and Practice; BMC Medical Education; Ethics & Behavior; American Journal of Psychiatry
Special Issue Editor: "Organ donation and death from unexpected circulatory arrest: Engaging the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine." Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics, 36, 4 (2008).
Special Issue Editor: "Hidden Research Ethics," Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 3, 3, (2008).
Special Issue: The Varieties of Clinical Consulting Experience, editor, Health Ethics Committee Forum, 15, 4 (2003).
Special Issue: "Using our Best Judgment in Research Ethics," editor, Ethics & Behavior, 14, 4 (2004).
Managing editor and referee for: Peter Geach, Truth and Hope, (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2000).
Moral Issues in Psychology. Personalist Contributions to Selected Problem, editor, (NY: UPA, 1997).
Viktor Frankl, Meaning as an Anthropological Category, editor and translator, (Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1996).
The Nature and Tasks of a Personalist Psychology, editor, (NY: UPA, 1995).
Selected Recent Presentations
"Assessing and Enhancing Decisional Capacity in Clinical Research," Human Research Protections Office Lecture Series, Washington University in St. Louis, September 22, 2008.
"Rapid Organ Recovery: Ethical and Policy Issues," Medicine Grand Rounds, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, August 5, 2008.
"Making Compliance Meaningful Through Evidence-Based IRB Recommendations," Western IRB, Reviewers Training Conference, Vancouver, CA, April 19, 2008.
"New Frontiers in Organ Donation: Rapid Organ Recovery Protocols," International Society for Organ Donation and Transplantation, Philadelphia, PA, November 14, 2007.
"Evaluating Minimal Risk in Behavioral and Psychological Research," American Psychological Association Meeting on Vulnerability in Behavioral Research, New York, NY, November 9, 2007.
"Evidence in Research Ethics: Locating, Gathering, and Using Data to Solve Ethical Problems," Symposium on Enhancing Biomedical and Behavioral Research in HIV/AIDS and Substance Abuse, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, September 28, 2007.
"Uncontrolled Donation after Cardiac Death: The Ethical Issues," Association of Organ Procurement Organizations, Dallas, TX, June 14, 2007.
"Decision-making Capacity in Clinical Practice and Research," Resurrection Health System, Chicago, IL, May 18, 2007.
"Wrestling Well with Today’s Ethical Dilemmas in Thoracic Transplant," International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation, San Francisco, CA, April 25, 2007.
"Rapid Organ Recovery: An Overview of the Ethical Issues," Institute of Medicine Working Group, Washington DC, December 20, 2006.
"Uncontrolled Donation after Cardiac Death: What are the Real Obstacles?" American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, Denver, CO, October 2006.
"Organ Donation: Opportunities for Action," Testimony before Congress and HRSA on behalf of the Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC, May 1, 2006.
"Ethics of Emergency and Controlled Donation after Cardiac Death," Mid-America Transplant Services Symposium on Organ and Tissue Donation, St. Louis, MO, April 7, 2006.
"Ethical Issues in End-of-Life and Organ Donation," Grand Rounds Presentation, Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, November 23, 2005.
"Assessing Outcomes from Instruction in Research Ethics," CITI Human Subjects Research Educational Program, Seattle, WA, September 10, 2005.
"Terminating dialysis or terminating patients? Thinking through difficult end-of-life decisions in nephrology," plenary speaker, National Kidney Foundation Council of Nephrology Social Workers, St. Louis, May 11, 2005
"Organ Transplantation: Crafting Ethical Protocols for Catholic Healthcare Facilities," plenary audioconference speaker, Catholic Health Association, April 12 and 21, 2005, with 220 participating institutions
"Does Donation After Cardiac Death Meet the Standards of Ethical Medical Practice?" Canadian Forum on Donation After Cardiac Death, Vancouver, February 18, 2005.
"Ethics in Public Health Praxis and Research," plenary speaker for Heartland Centers for Public Health Community and Capacity Development, St. Louis, MO, February 18, 2004
"Donation After Cardiac Death: Exploring the Ethical Issues", presentation to DCD Preceptorship, University of Wisconsin Health System, October 14, 2004
"Do We Need Special Ethical Guidelines for Mental Health Research?" American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, Philadelphia, PA, October, 2004.
"From Tuskegee to Today: Are We Facing the Same Ethical Issues," Research Ethics symposium, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, May 5, 2004.
"Donation After Cardiac Death: Surveying the Ethical Issues," plenary presentation to the symposium Ethics in Health Care: The Catholic Perspective, at the Neiswanger Institute of Loyola University Medical School, Chicago, IL. March 4, 2004.
"Humanizing the Belmont Report," the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics, Cincinnati, OH, February, 2004.
"How Much Guidance Can a Secular Natural Law Ethic Provide?" Plenary paper, Conference on Natural Law, St. Edwards University, Austin, TX November 8, 2003.
"Life-Sustaining Treatments: Ethics in Life-or-Death Decision-Making," Plenary speaker, Veterans Affairs Hospital, St. Louis, MO October 20, 2003.
"Reporting Abuse: Ethical and Legal Issues," St. Anthony’s Medical Center, St. Louis MO, August 8, 2003.
"Staffing Excellence," Presentation on panel dedicated to "Excellence in Ethics Centers", Association for Professional and Practical Ethics, Charlotte, NC, February 27, 2003.
Active Professional Memberships
American Society for Bioethics and Humanities
American Psychological Association
Association for Moral Education
Association for Practical and Professional Ethics
Association of Bioethics Program Directors
National Catholic Bioethics Center
Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy
Honors
Faculty Excellence Award - Associated Students of Saint Louis University Student Government Association, Academic Affairs Committee, 2003.
Viktor Frankl Promotional Award - City of Vienna, Austria. $3,500 Prize for contributions to the scholarly literature on Viktor Frankl and logotherapy.
Member, Institute of Medicine, Committee on Increasing Rates of Organ Donation, 2005-2006.
Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics
Mailing Address: Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics
221 North Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103-2006
Campus address: O'Brien Hall, Frost Campus
Telephone: (314) 977-6661
Fax: (314) 977-5150
